On August 29, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed a ruling by the U.S. Court of International Trade, holding that President Trump overstepped the authority provided by Congress under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA) to impose broad tariffs aimed at addressing drug trafficking, illegal migration, and international trade imbalances. The court deemed unlawful those tariffs imposed on Canada, Mexico, and China meant to curb the flow of illicit drugs and illegal migration, and reciprocal tariffs imposed on dozens of countries throughout the world to curb trade imbalances (collectively, the IEEPA Tariffs).